Welsh Adjective Tutor — User Guide / Canllaw Defnyddiwr · v0.2.8
Ansoddeiriau is a Welsh adjective learning app containing 543 adjectives across 18 semantic categories and 4 difficulty tiers. It provides four complementary learning modes, from a sortable reference table to active typing and gap-fill drills.
Every adjective entry contains the following fields:
yn predicatively, after mor in equative constructions, and after singular feminine nouns)
Lefel 1 Core — high-frequency, essential adjectives
Lefel 2 Common — everyday vocabulary
Lefel 3 Advanced — less frequent, richer vocabulary
Lefel 4 Literary — formal, literary or technical terms
Adjectives are organised into 18 categories:
The Safle column in Tabl shows where an adjective sits relative to its noun:
Browse and sort all 543 adjectives. Click any column header to sort ascending or descending — hover over headers for a tooltip explaining each field. Use the Categori and Lefel dropdowns to filter, and the Chwilio search box to find words by Welsh form, English meaning, or any mutation form.
Vocabulary drill in CY→EN or EN→CY direction. Click the card to reveal the answer and the full paradigm. Use ✅ Cywir / ❌ Anghywir to track your score, or Hepgor to skip without marking. Use ← Blaenorol to go back. Filter by category and tier; choose random or ordered presentation.
When a card is revealed, a gold + Adolygu button appears between the two marking buttons. Click it to add the word to your session revision list — it turns to ✓ Ychwanegwyd. Click again to remove it. The 📋 Adolygu (N) badge above the stats bar shows the live count. Click it to open the revision panel, which lists all saved words with their English meanings. From the panel:
The revision list is session-only and does not persist between page loads.
A random set of sentences drawn from a bank of 120, covering the main mutation contexts: predicative yn + soft mutation, equative mor + soft mutation, attributive after a singular feminine noun, and comparative and superlative forms. Choose from four options. After answering, a grammar note explains the relevant mutation rule in detail.
Select the level ceiling (Pob Lefel / Lefel 1 / Lefel 1–2 / Lefel 1–3) and question count (10 or 20) on the start screen. Each test is always random. Use Ailddechrau for another random draw with the same settings, or Dewisiadau to change them.
You are shown the base adjective and its English meaning. Type both the comparative (Cymharol) and superlative (Eithaf) forms and click Gwirio or press Enter. Three possible outcomes:
Accent matching is strict — circumflexes matter. Filter by category and tier; choose random or ordered presentation.
yn + soft mutationAfter the linking particle yn, adjectives undergo soft mutation: mawr → yn fawr, da → yn dda, gwych → yn wych. Adjectives beginning with ll, rh, a vowel, h, or ff do not mutate: llawn, rhad, hapus, oer, ffyddlon.
mor + soft mutationmor (as … as) triggers the same soft mutation: mor fawr â phlas (as big as a mansion), mor hapus â'r haul (as happy as the sun). The same exceptions apply: ll, rh, vowels, h, ff do not mutate.
When an adjective follows a singular feminine noun, it undergoes soft mutation: cath ddu (black cat), afon lydan (wide river), merch dal (tall girl). Literary Welsh also uses distinct feminine adjectival forms in this position: cath wen (white cat, from gwyn), sgert fer (short skirt, from byr).
Welsh has two comparative patterns. Which one to use depends mainly on the length and ending of the adjective.
Short-form (-ach / -af): Used with most adjectives of one or two syllables, especially those ending in a simple consonant or consonant cluster. The superlative adds -af to the same stem.
Periphrastic (mwy / mwyaf): Used with longer adjectives and those ending in certain suffixes. The superlative uses mwyaf before the same base form.
-ol (difrifol, cyfrifol, lleol)
-og (blewog, niwlog, heulog)-aidd (academaidd, hanesyddol)
-adwy (dealladwy, cynaliadwy)-edig (blinedig, cysylltiedig)
-llyd (rhewllyd, cysglyd)-gar (caredig, gweithgar)
-us with 3+ syllables (pryderus, cyffrous)After yn, the comparative takes soft mutation: yn dalach, yn well, yn fwy diddorol. Key irregular comparatives:
| Base | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| da (good) | gwell / yn well | gorau |
| drwg (bad) | gwaeth / yn waeth | gwaethaf |
| mawr (big) | mwy / yn fwy | mwyaf |
| bach (small) | llai / yn llai | lleiaf |
| uchel (high) | uwch / yn uwch | uchaf |
| isel (low) | is / yn is | isaf |
| hen (old) | hŷn / yn hŷn | hynaf |
| ifanc (young) | iau / yn iau | ieuanaf |
| hawdd (easy) | haws / yn haws | hawsaf |
| anodd (difficult) | anos / yn anos | anosaf |
Short adjectives add -af: tal → talaf. After a singular feminine noun, the superlative also soft-mutates: y ferch dalaf (the tallest girl), yr ystafell gynhesaf (the warmest room).
Conceived and implemented by Rob Beynon and Jane Hurst. Part of the Dysgu Cymraeg suite at robnjane.cymru.
v0.2.8 · April 2026